Research Highlights from the Nature
Note : "Research Highlights" picks up important thesis and introduces summary of the thesis. Those thesis must be "new" and presented on "innovative research results".
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Nature 438, 892-893 (15 December 2005) | doi:10.1038/438892a
Immunology: Making mice tweak
Cell 123, 931-944 (2005)
TWEAK attenuates the transition from innate to adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infection, protecting the host during the development of adaptive immunity and critically affecting the nature of the adaptive response. We show that, in contrast to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), the related protein TWEAK attenuates the transition from innate to adaptive mechanisms....More
Neuroscience: Reflecting badly
Nature Neurosci. doi:10.1038/nn1611 (2005)
Understanding emotions in others: mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders.
To examine mirror neuron abnormalities in autism, high-functioning children with autism and matched controls underwent fMRI while imitating and observing emotional expressions. Although both groups performed the tasks equally well, children with autism showed no mirror neuron activity in the inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis). ...More
Genetics: Ripped genes
Nature Genet. doi:10.1038/ng1695
Common deletions and SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium in the human genome.
Humans show great variation in phenotypic traits such as height, eye color and susceptibility to disease. Genomic DNA sequence differences among individuals are responsible for the inherited components of these complex traits. Reports suggest that intermediate and large-scale DNA copy number and structural variations are prevalent enough to be an important source of genetic variation between individuals....More
Nature Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng1696
Common deletions and SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium in the human genome.
The locations and properties of common deletion variants in the human genome are largely unknown. We describe a systematic method for using dense SNP genotype data to discover deletions and its application to data from the International HapMap Consortium to characterize and catalogue segregating deletion variants across the human genome. ...More
Nature Genet. doi: 10.1038/ng1697 (2005)
A high-resolution survey of deletion polymorphism in the human genome.
Recent work has shown that copy number polymorphism is an important class of genetic variation in human genomes. Here we report a new method that uses SNP genotype data from parent-offspring trios to identify polymorphic deletions. We applied this method to data from the International HapMap Project to produce the first high-resolution population surveys of deletion polymorphism....More
Immunology: Breathe easy
J. Exp. Med. 202, 1563-1573 (2005)
Immunostimulatory oligonucleotides block allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 cell activation and IgE-mediated cytokine induction.
A single treatment with a CpG-containing immunostimulatory DNA sequence (ISS) given before allergen challenge can inhibit T helper type 2 cell (Th2)-mediated airway responses in animal models of allergic asthma; however, the mechanism of this inhibition remains largely undefined. ...More
Population dynamics: Deviant sexual practices
Proc. R. Soc. B doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3370 (2005)
Ancient androdioecy in the freshwater crustacean Eulimnadia
Among the variety of reproductive mechanisms exhibited by living systems, one permutation--androdioecy (mixtures of males and hermaphrodites)--is distinguished by its rarity. Models of mating system evolution predict that androdioecy should be a brief stage between hermaphroditism and dioecy (separate males and females), or vice versa. ...More
Molecular biology: Strike while the ion is hot
EMBO J. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600893 (2005)
NGF rapidly increases membrane expression of TRPV1 heat-gated ion channels
Nociceptors, or pain-sensitive receptors, are unique among sensory receptors in that their sensitivity is increased by noxious stimulation. This process, called sensitization or hyperalgesia, is mediated by a variety of proinflammatory factors, including bradykinin, ATP and NGF, which cause sensitization to noxious heat stimuli by enhancing the membrane current carried by the heat- and capsaicin-gated ion channel, TRPV1. Several different mechanisms for sensitization of TRPV1 have been proposed. ...More
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